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In
2002 the underground main line of Baku will celebrate its
35th anniversary.
The modern Baku, the capital of sovereign Azerbaijan, is one
of the biggest cities in the Middle East. Located on the territory
of a natural amphitheater, the city takes up more than 150
square kilometers and along the sea bay for almost 20 kilometers.
Baku and oil are two inseparable concepts. The presence of
oil layers caused an influx of people in search for work to
come to Absheron. Here the branches of industry, such as oil
mining and its processing, power engineering, mechanical engineering,
chemistry and casting production are developing with rapid
speed. Serving as a large Caspian port, the city also has
as shipbuilding branch at its disposal. Working settlements
are developing around the industrial establishments.
The beginning of the 30's marks the period of time when Baku
becomes densely populated industrial, cultural and scientific
center not only in the Caucasus region, but the entire former
USSR. That is why after the building of Metro in Moscow and
Leningrad in 1932 in the first versions of the General plan
of development of Baku, for the unload of ground transportation
and vacating various narrow streets of the city from tram,
trolley-bus, and bus lines, the decision was made to build
the fastest and comfortable type of transportation -underground
Metro.
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However,
the war of 1941-1945 did not let these intentions to realize. Only
in 1947, just after 2 years after the destroying war, the Government
made a decision to begin the conduction of planed researched works,
which were examined and considered in 1948. In 1949 the Metro construction
base begins, and in 1951 the technical project of the first order
gets confirmed and the construction of the 12,1 km Metro line begins.
The basic route had a direction that was parallel to the bay's lane
on the distance of 500-700 meters from the seashore. In 1953 the
construction works were temporarily stopped and began only in 1960.
This significantly puts off the starting of Baku Metro operation.
In 1966 Administration of Baku Metro develops, and consists of 6
services: motion, rolling stock, track, tunnel construction and
plumbing, electromechanical, SCB and communication and material-technical
provision. On 6th November 1967 in Baku the first section of 1st
order of Metro began operating - its length was 9,2 km with 5 stations,
4 of which were laid deeply and of them in a location called "Black
City", station "Khatai". The first train was led
by operator Salman Aleckperov and assistant to operator Akif Mirzayev.
On November 25,1967 the Metro began operating fully and the regular
schedule developed.
Besides stations and tunnels in operation, there was a development
of a big complex of technical constructions: Electro-depot, traction
and reduced electrical stations, ventilation complexes with mine's
barrels, penetrating tunnels, and explosive pumps. There were developments
of powerful ventilation and sanitary-technical construction, 12
lanes of escalators with a complex of constructions for their service.
The central dispatcher point was fully operating. It was a
victory of a big skilled order of project planners, builders and
developers, more so because the construction of the Metro in Baku
was going on in very complicated hydro-geological conditions and
there was a need of conducting a huge volume of special preparatory
works. Extremely complex hydro-geological conditions of tunnel passage
in Baku - it is a generally recognized reality and the leading underground
specialists noted that it is unlikely that the analogous conditions
could take place in other cities in the world, due to the fact that
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